The third Highgate Debate to be held at Highgate Literary & Scientific Institution tackles the issue
of current drugs policy. Our two prominent speakers take opposing positions, roughly equating
to a ‘tender’ or a ‘tough’ approach to users. Molly Meacher will argue for a more liberal drugs
policy, while Will Blair will oppose any change. As with previous debates, they will be supported
by seconders from local 6th forms. Members of the audience will then be invited to make
contributions from the floor. The Debates will be free and open to the general public, as well as
HLSI members.
THE DEBATE ‘DRUGS POLICY: TOUGH OR TENDER?’
WHEN Thursday 5 March 2015, 8.00pm, doors open at 7.30pm
WHERE Highgate Literary & Scientific Institution, 11 South Grove, London N6 6BS
HOW Free and open to all, but to be sure of a place please book.
Please Note: Places not taken by 7.45pm may be offered to others
Reservations may be made in person, by phone or by email:
tel: 020 8340 3343; email: admin@hlsi.net
For further information please contact Kathy Dallas: gkzwdallas@aol.com
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Liz has created a collection of paintings of plants in close detail: uprooted, revealing their complex structures and individual history, and full of visual delight. Although not intended as a scientific study, the paintings bring us to a new relationship with nature.
Liz Miranda’s life as an artist has an international flavour. She was born in Iran, studied in England and France, worked, taught and exhibited, mainly in Brazil, and then returned to England to paint, etch, bring up a family and teach. She continues to teach, concentrating on painting from direct observation. In 2010 Liz exhibited at the Highgate Gallery and in this show her work is, as always, in oil on canvas or wood.
For the past few years Liz has been painting plants in close detail. She likes to work with the whole shape of each plant but also wants to focus on its component parts – roots, stalks, seed-heads, pods, the changes of colour, the texture and thickness of stem with the position on it of the leaves and nodes.
However realistic, her works are not illustrations. Liz wants them to be true but accuracy is not the goal: they are paintings. Painting is the second stage of freezing the potential development of these natural forms; though they were already denied growth when uprooted from the soil.
Her subjects range from modest London weeds to exotic plants, flowers, trees and grasses of the tropics. All are closely observed to reveal their individual integrity.
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00
Saturday 11:00-16:00
Sunday 11:00-17:00
Closed Monday
Admission free
Chile/France/USA 2012, 118 mins. Dir. Pablo Larrain
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
Denmark/Sweden 2010, 119 mins. Dir. Susanne Bier
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
We are delighted to welcome Patrick Cullen, who has just won a prize at this year’s prestigious Lynn Painter-Stainers Competition, back to Highgate Gallery. This wide ranging exhibition is inspired by his travels in India, Italy and Transylvania, and also includes portraits, flower studies and paintings of the female nude.
Patrick uses oils and pastels to create an intense and personal response to his subject matter. His work derives from close observation of and interaction with nature, which gives it freshness and vitality. Whether he is concerned with a Tuscan view or an Indian street market scene, the colour, heat and atmosphere are all vividly conveyed. As artist Ken Howard, R.A. has put it, Patrick’s work “speaks directly to us .… He has the impressionist’s ability to fix the mood of a moment,… also his work has that quality which is essential to all great art, the balance between form and content.”
Patrick trained at St Martin’s and Camberwell art schools in the 1970s and is the recipient of many prizes in addition to the recent Lynn Painter-Stainers award, including the Watercolour Prize at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and prizes from the Pastel Society, the Royal Watercolour Society and the New English Art Club, of which he is a member. His paintings are in many collections including the Royal Academy and Sheffield City Art Gallery.
When not travelling, Patrick lives in Stroud Green, and is also known for his paintings of London allotment views.
For further information please contact patrickcullen@email.com
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00, Saturday 11:00-16:00, Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday
Admission Free
Tuesday 12 May 7.30 Merry Isla Mug Quiz, Highgate Society vs HLSI at 11 South Grove
France 1958, 88 mins. Dir. Louis Malle
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
From the age of five, in her grandmother’s garden, Annie Bromham has loved Nature. Excited by the blaze of colours in the beautiful flowers, she wanted them to belong to her. At the same time Annie discovered she could draw and began to capture these flowers in art. She learned how to discover and create new colours, and to this day colours still speak to her.
Annie finds colour everywhere: in the garden, the forest, on the high street, while the wonder of the rainbow fills her imagination with joy and pure delight. When she paints or sculpts she uses her whole body, her mind and feelings – everything that she is, in order to “catch a glimpse of the emotion of a moment.” (Willem de Kooning).
Highgate Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of Annie Bromham’s recent work, which honours the mystery of movement in Nature: “I watch Nature budding, day by day noting the growth, and feeling the stretching movement of the stems and petals as they grow towards the light”.
Nature does not stand still; it is always either becoming more, and flourishing; or else decreasing, and dying. The whole of creation reproduces itself according to the seasons of the year. No two flowers are identical; each is unique. Everything is in a state of flux.
“Whenever I pick up my paint brush or chisel, I am filled with awe for the life already lived by the tree, or the canvas that will hold my colours as I create new life.” Annie’s imaginative use of colour offers endless possibilities. “It is only when I pick up my paint brush that I can honour that glimpse of mystery which is within me. I want to hear, see and feel the life that is in me as I surrender to the creative moment.” Each moment of seeing, listening, touching and tasting reveals the mystery of life. With Henry Moore Annie also believes that “to be an artist is to believe in life.”
Open Tuesday-Friday 13:00-17:00; Saturday 11:00-16:00; Sunday 11:00-17:00. Closed Monday.
USA 1989, 128 mins. Dir. Peter Weir